Catalytic pyrolysis of almond shells: Influence of temperature and CoCl2 to almond shell ratio

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Abstract
Two different types of equipment were used in this work: an Analytical Flash Pyrolysis Apparatus (AFPA) and a fluidized bed reactor. Using the AFPA a new screening of catalysts impregnated in almond shells has been carried out. Three catalysts — NaOH, MnCl2 and CoCl2 — were selected to study the influence of the impregnated catalyst/almond shell ratio. With MnCl2 and CoCl2, high yields of 2‐furaldehyde were obtained. With CoCl2, the influence of the catalyst/almond shell ratio and the temperature was studied in both types of equipment. The following yields were obtained using the fluidized bed reactor (14.1 g CoCl2/100 g total) within the temperature range 425–610°C: 2‐furaldehyde 6.9–7.2%, acetic acid 5.5–7.2%. Tests have proved that total recovery of the CoCl2 can be achieved.

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