Die Mengen- und Spurenelementversorgung der Wildwiederkäuer

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Abstract
The dependence of the Cu content of the winter grazing for native wild ruminants on the habitat corresponded to that of the fodder plants for cattle and sheep in the German Democratic Republic. Silurian and Devonian slate mantles of waste and graywacke mantles of waste produce grazing were rich in Cu; boulder clay, granite mantle of waste and porphyry mantle of waste product grazing were significantly poorer in Cu. Winter grazing in habitats poorer in Cu frequently contains < 5 and as a rule < 8 ppm Cu, which is considered the Cu requirement of domesticated ruminants. The Cu content of the winter grazing for wild ruminants in Central Europe is described on the basis of 608 grazing samples. Beech nut, winter rye, rape and the tips of sallow, copper beech and oak twigs as well as heather contain comparatively much Cu. The bark of Scotch pine, asp, mountain ash, black alder and Serbian spruce is poor in Cu. The Cu-quota of the rumen content of the wild ruminants after shooting, 7.2-9.6 ppm on an average of the indivdual species, was high and is probably caused by Cu-enrichment in the fauna and flora of the omasum. The dependence of the Cu concentration in the rumen on the habitat could be proved for fallow deer, roes and mouflons. The Cu quota in the cerebrum, the liver and the covering hair of the 164 wild ruminants examined reflected the Cu status best. Considerable species-specific differences could be proved. On average, roes stored 5.6 ppm Cu in the cerebrum, red deer stored 7.7 ppm, fallow deer 9.7 ppm and mouflons 19 ppm. There were no differences concerning the Cu-level in the organs of domesticated sheep and mouflons. Probably the wild sheep in the Tharandt Forest suffer from secondary, Cd-induced Cu-deficiency, which particularly effects the intrauterine development of the lambs. Domesticated sheep with the same copper level in the liver as wild sheep are sure to give birth to lambs suffering from Cu-deficiency diseas. The Cu-values normal for the indicator organs of the Cu-status are given for the 4 spp. of wild ruminants and compared to those of cattle and sheep. Threshold values for the Cu-status meeting the requirement are to be worked out experimentally for the wild ruminants.

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