Random Isotopolog Libraries for Protein Perturbation Studies. 13C NMR Studies on Lumazine Protein of Photobacterium leiognathi

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Abstract
Lumazine proteins of luminescent bacteria are paralogs of riboflavin synthase which are devoid of catalytic activity but bind the riboflavin synthase substrate, 6,7-dimethyl-8-ribityllumazine, with high affinity and are believed to serve as optical transponders for bioluminescence emission. Lumazine protein of Photobacterium leiognathi was expressed in a recombinant Escherichia coli host and was reconstituted with mixtures (random libraries) of 13C-labeled isotopologs of 6,7-dimethyl-8-ribityllumazine or riboflavin that had been prepared by biotransformation of [U−13C6]-, [1-13C1]-, [2-13C1]-, and [3-13C1]glucose. 13C NMR analysis of the protein/ligand complexes afforded the assignments of the 13C NMR chemical shifts for all carbon atoms of the protein-bound ligands by isotopolog abundance editing. The carbon atoms of the ribityl groups of both ligands studied were shifted up to 6 ppm upon binding to the protein. Chemical shift modulation of the side chain and chromophore carbon atoms due to protein/ligand interaction is discussed on the basis of the sequence similarity between lumazine protein and riboflavin synthase.