Circulating Endothelin-1 Levels Increase During Euglycemic, Hyperinsulinemic Clamp in Lean NIDDM Men

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Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate whether or not insulin stimulates endothelin (ET)-l secretion in vivo. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS Plasma ET-1 levels were evaluated in 16 lean normotensive men with non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM) (mean age 50.3 ±4.1 years) during either a 2-h euglycemic hyperinsulinemic clamp (40 mU insulin · m−2 · min−1) or placebo infusion (50 ml isotonic saline) according to a single-blind randomized crossover protocol. RESULTS Circulating ET-1 levels increased during the euglycemic hyperinsulinemic clamp (from 0.88 ± 0.38 pg/ml at time 0 to 1.66 ± 0.22 pg/ml and 1.89 ± 0.99 pg/ml at 60 and 120 min, respectively [P < 0.05 vs. time 0]) and returned to baseline levels after the discontinuation of insulin infusion (0.71 ± 0.22 pg/ml after a 30-min period of recovery [NS]). Compared with placebo, the euglycemic hyperinsulinemic clamp induced a significant increase in plasma ET-1 levels at 60 min (P < 0.0001) and 120 min (P < 0.0001). Changes in basal insulin levels and corresponding changes in circulating ET-1 levels after a 2-h euglycemic hyperinsulinemic clamp were significantly correlated (r = 0.771, P < 0.0001). A possible unfavorable effect of ET-1 on the tissue sensitivity to insulin-stimulated glucose uptake was suggested by the presence of a negative correlation between total glucose uptake and baseline ET-1 levels (r = –0.498, P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS Our findings indicate that circulating ET-1 levels significantly increase during euglycemic hyperinsulinemic clamp in men with NIDDM. The negative correlation between total glucose uptake and circulating ET-1 levels suggests that the peptide might exert negative effects on the insulin sensitivity of target tissues. The consequent increase in insulin secretion as well as the insulin-related ET-1 release from endothelial cells could favor the development of diabetes-related vascular lesions.

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