Protection of Photosynthesis against Ultraviolet-B Radiation by Carotenoids in Transformants of the CyanobacteriumSynechococcus PCC79421

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Abstract
The cyanobacteriumSynechococcus PCC7942 was transformed with various carotenogenic genes, and the resulting transformants either accumulated higher amounts of β-carotene and zeaxanthin or showed a shift in the carotenoid pattern toward the formation of zeaxanthin. These transformants were exposed to ultraviolet-B (UV-B) radiation, and the degradation of phycobilins, the inactivation of photosynthetic oxygen evolution, and the activity of photosystem II were determined. In the genetically modified cells, the influence on destruction of phycobilins was negligible. However, protection of photosynthetic reactions against UV-B damage was observed and was dependent on the carotenoid concentrations in the different transformants. Furthermore, it was shown that endogenous zeaxanthin is more effective than β-carotene. Our results suggest that carotenoids exert their protective function as antioxidants to inactivate UV-B-induced radicals in the photosynthetic membrane.