Germination of Entomophthora aphidis resting spores under constant temperatures

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Abstract
Germination tests at a wide range of constant temperatures show that the upper and lower thresholds for E. aphidis resting spores are about 3.5 and29.5 °C, respectively. Good germination was obtained over the range 10–22 °C with an optimum at about 16.5 °C. It is not known if spores exposed to temperatures above the optimum and failing to germinate are inactivated or killed. An empirical model is presented that describes the time–temperature–germination relationships of one test population. A similar modeling approach may be also applied to other spore populations.