Opportunistic Political Cycles: Test in a Young Democracy Setting
Preprint
- 1 January 2004
- preprint Published in RePEc
Abstract
This paper tests the theory of opportunistic cycles in a decade-old democracy–Russia–finds strong evidence of cycles, and provides an explanation for why previous literature often found weaker evidence. Using regional monthly panel data, we find that: (1) the budget cycle is sizable and short-lived; public spending shifts towards direct monetary transfers to voters; (2) the magnitude of the cycle decreases with democracy, government transparency, media freedom, voter awareness, and over time; and (3) pre-electoral manipulation increases incumbents’ chances for reelection. The short length of the cycle explains underestimation of its size by previous literature because of low frequency data used in previous studies.Keywords
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