Abstract
The ecology and taxonomy of an interesting species of tree-living freshwater crab from the East Usambara mountains, Tanzania, and from the Shimba Hills, Kenya, East Africa is described. This phytotelmic decapod crustacean belongs to a new species of potamonautid freshwater crab in the genus Potamonautes MacLeay, 1838, which is described. This is one of only a few reports of the phenomenon of the use of water-filled tree holes by any species of true freshwater crab.

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