A method for quantification of the level of somatic embryogenesis among Norway spruce callus lines

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Abstract
A method for quantitative determination of the level of somatic embryogenesis in Norway spruce embryogenic callus is described. Embryogenic callus was dispersed in liquid by agitation and plated in a thin layer of medium containing 0.6% low melting point agarose. The number of embedded somatic embryos per mg of callus ranged from 0.2 to 1.5 among 11 embryogenic callus lines surveyed. Each callus line was derived from an individual immature embryo explant. Further development occurred as somatic embryos grew out of the agarose layer. This method was useful for identifying highly embryogenic callus lines among phenotypically similar lines, and should be useful for quantitatively determining the effect of medium and growth regulator modifications on somatic embryo density and developmental capacity.