Factors in delayed muscle soreness

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Abstract
The possible causes of delayed muscle soreness which occurred 24-48 h after exercise were examined from 3 different approaches. Surface electromyograms [EMG] were used to evaluate the muscle spasm theory; the possibility of actual muscle cell damage was monitored by the presence of myoglobinuria, while the ratio of hydroxyproline/creatinine (OHP/Cr) in 24 h urine collection was used as a marker for connective tissue involvement. Although all human volunteers developed muscle soreness 24 and 48 h after exercise, no change in the EMG activity of the sore muscles was observed. Myoglobin excretion was found in 88% of the subjects who developed soreness. Of the subjects who performed both moderate and heavy exercise but did not develop muscle soreness, 92% had myoglobinuria. Subjects on gelatin-free diets showed an increase (P < .1) in the OHP/Cr between control (.020 .+-. .001) and 48 h post-exercise (.022 .+-. .001, .hivin.X .+-. SE). Soreness resulted in all cases. When the OHP/Cr value was taken for the day of maximal soreness, the post-exercise mean increases to .024 .+-. .001 and the level of significance rises (P < .005). Exercise induced soreness may be related to disruption of the connective tissue elements in the muscle and/or their attachments.

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