TEM Observation of Electrical Tree Paths and Microstructures in Polyethylene

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Abstract
The starting point of AC electrical trees in polyethylene and the surrounding microstructures were observed by a transmission electron microscope (TEM) for the first time. To minimize the size of tree paths, the authors developed a new apparatus for preparing specimens in which the tree growth was suppressed to less than 10 µm in length. The tree was started from a needle electrode made of carbon-filled polyethylene. The AC tree was a hollow pipe of about 100 nm diameter immediately after its generation. There were constrictions inside the tree, resulting in a corrugated surface. The starting point of the AC tree was a microscopic convex of several tens to one hundred nanometers, which was based on the cohesion of carbon particles of the electrode. The AC tree path was virtually parallel to the lamellae.

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