Ecology of Alnus Glutinosa (L.) Gaertn.: I. Fruit Formation

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Abstract
The extent to which fruiting periodicity occurs in A. glutinosa in Britain is described. Dates are given for the various stages of fruit development, and the vulnerability of the male nuclei in the extended period of 4-5 months between pollination and fertilization is stressed. Empty seeds are the result of fertilization failure rather than the abortion of ovules or early embryos. East Anglian alders are shown to be completely self-sterile, and this, rather than frost damage to flowers, is regarded as a possible reason for low seed viability in certain years. High winds at time of flowering are the most likely cause of low fertility in exposed (mountain and coastal) populations and in the decrease of percentage embryo formation with increased altitude noted in Scotland. Even in good seed years embryos are not formed above 305 m in Scotland and N. Wales.

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