Surgical Management of Carcinoma of the Hypopharynx and Cervical Esophagus

Abstract
HYPOPHARYNGEAL and cervical esophageal squamous cell carcinomas are often known to have late onset and a bad prognosis. In the past, radiotherapy was the gold standard of treatment of upper esophageal cancer, but long-term follow-up was disappointing, especially with regard to quality of life and cancer control. Many patients needed further operations for persistent dysphagia or for complications related to the radiation, chemotherapy, or both.1,2