Invasive Fungal Infections: Cryptococcosis

Abstract
The clinical sequelae of host exposure to Cryptococcus neoformans ranges from pulmonary colonization to disseminated invasive fungal disease. After inhalation, the interaction of the host immune status, size of the inoculum, and virulence of the yeast potentially establish or thwart clinical disease. With the rising prevalence of patients with HIV infection, our understanding of the immunopathogenesis of C. neoformans has greatly expanded. We review the current appreciation of host-yeast pathogenesis, along with the diagnostic work-up, treatment, and prevention strategies of cryptococcosis.

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