Synthesis of Racemates and (+)-Enantiomers ofγ-Caprolactone,γ-Dodecanolactone andδ-Hexadecanolactone, Lactonic Sex Pheromones of the Dermestid Beetle, Rove Beetle and Oriental Hornet

Abstract
A simple method based on regioselective two-step alkylation of easily-available diethyl 3-oxoglutarate (2) is described for the synthesis of racemates of the lactonic pheromones, la, lb, and 1c. Their (+)-enantiomers were also synthesized by means of microbiological reduction of the intermediary keto acids.

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