Demonstration of Cross-Cultural Invariance of the California Psychological Inventory in America and Israel by the Guttman-Lingoes Smallest Space Analysis

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Abstract
The smallest space analysis of proximities (SSA-1) developed by Guttman and Lingoes was applied to the intercorrelation matrix of the CPI scales for males given in the manual, and to a matrix for male medical school applicants in Israel. Each of the matrices could be represented in a two dimensional space. A correlation of .92 between the SSA interpoint distances of the American and the Israeli data was obtained proving cross-cultural invariance of the pattern of the scale intercorrelations. Similarity of order relations among variables is also illustrated by gradients showing invariant simplex patterns of the corresponding submatrices.