On the interpretation of adsorption bond lengths from LEED crystallography

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Abstract
Surface bond lengths from LEED crystallography have mainly been related to sums of ’’hard-sphere’’ radii, although a recent analysis [Mitchell, Surf. Sci. (in press)] attempted to relate more closely to covalent bonding concepts, particularly those developed by Pauling. This framework is now applied to the adsorption bond lengths determined by LEED for three new systems: Ir(111)–(2×2)–0, Al(111)–(1×1)–0 and Ir(111)–(√3×√3)30°–S. Discussions are also given for Pd(100)–c(4×2)45°–CO and Ni(100)–(2×2)–C, although at present there is only very limited data for comparing with these two additional surface structures.