Effects of selected trace elements on plant growth

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Abstract
Trace elements in plants are of general concern because of their importance in both animal nutrition and plant growth. Consequently, these elements are the most extensively studied in plants and foodstuffs. We surveyed those other elements which have been shown to have some beneficial effects on the growth of a few plant species only, and, although evidence for this essentiality continues to accumulate, their conclusive essentiality for higher plants still needs confirmation. Plants use these trace elements in small quantities, and we include the following in our review: titanium, vanadium, cobalt, nickel, aluminium, silicon, arsenic, selenium, fluorine and iodine. Their effects on plant growth are evaluated, covering the following: absorption, transport and accumulation, biochemical functions, deficiency and toxicity.