The influence of temperature on energy budget variables, body size, and seasonal occurrence of the isopod Idotea baltica (Pallas)

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Abstract
Effects of temperature on ingestion (C) and metabolic (R) rates in Idotea baltica are examined to explain differences in maximum body size, longevity, and seasonal occurrence in two populations occupying habitats differing by 2–4 °C in average maximum temperature. Results illustrate that C and R are differentially affected by temperature such that the value C – R varies considerably with both body size and temperature. These data indicate that small isopods (< 20 mg) would grow most rapidly at the highest temperature studied (14 °C), whereas larger animals have maximum C – R values, and presumably grow most rapidly, at cooler temperatures (ca. 9 °C). The pattern explains why the population at the lower temperature lives twice as long, grows to much larger size, and apparently leaves the intertidal zone for a longer period than do those living in the similar warmer habitat. The results are discussed in relation to phenomena noted in other marine and freshwater crustacean populations.