Advanced glycation end-product peptides are associated with impaired renal function, but not with biochemical markers of endothelial dysfunction and inflammation, in non-diabetic individuals

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Abstract
Background. Patients with end-stage renal disease as well as mild renal impairment have an increased risk for the development of cardiovascular disease. It has been suggested that advanced glycation end-products (AGEs) are involved in atherogenesis, possibly through induction of endothelial dysfunction and low-grade inflammation. Methods. In a cross-sectional, single-centre study, we investigated four groups of 20 non-diabetic subjects with a creatinine clearance ranging from normal (>90 ml/min/1.73 m 2 ) to 2 . We measured AGE-peptides, markers of endothelial dysfunction (von Willebrand factor, soluble E-selectin, plasminogen activator inhibitor-1, tissue-type plasminogen activator, soluble vascular cell adhesion molecule-1) and markers of inflammatory activity (soluble intercellular adhesion molecule-1, C-reactive protein, secretory phospholipase A 2 ). We constructed composite endothelial dysfunction and inflammatory activity Z-scores using these markers. Results. AGE-peptides were independently related to creatinine clearance (standardized β −0.55, 95% confidence interval (CI) −0.77 to −0.34, P P = 0.48) or the inflammatory activity Z-score (standardized β −0.05, 95% CI −0.25 to −0.16, P = 0.66). Conclusions. Plasma concentrations of AGE-peptides are associated with creatinine clearance but not with biochemical markers of endothelial dysfunction and inflammatory activity in non-diabetic patients over a wide range of renal function. This suggests that the atherogenic effects of AGE-peptides in individuals with renal functional impairment are not mediated by endothelial dysfunction or inflammatory activity as estimated by the markers used.