Endotoxin-induced reduction of social investigation by mice: interaction with amphetamine and anti-inflammatory drugs

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Abstract
Previous studies indicate that some aspects of endotoxin-induced sickness behavior in rats may be mediated by interleukin-1 stimulated events and can be attenuated by corticosteroids, cyclooxygenase inhibitors and the interleukin-1-receptor antagonist. In the current studies, we replicate and extend these findings in adult male mice. A relatively low dose of lipopolysaccharide (LPS; 15 μg/kg, IP) was used to reliably induce a 50–60% reduction in the social investigation of a juvenile conspecific at 2–3 h after injection. Amphetamine (2.0–4.0 mg/kg, IP, 30 min pre-LPS) exacerbated LPS-induced decreases in investigation. Administration of methylprednisolone (10–30 mg/kg, IP), indomethacin (3–30 mg/kg, IP), and ibuprofen (1–100 mg/kg, IP) 1 h before LPS significantly reduced LPS-induced sickness behavior at several doses. Dexamethasone (0.1–10 mg/kg, IP) partially antagonized sickness. Representative flavonoids rohitukine (0.01–100.0 mg/kg, IP) and chrysin (0.01–10 mg/kg, IP) also antagonized LPS-induced deficits in social investigation. These studies replicate and extend previous studies in rat to demonstrate systematic effects of low doses of LPS, antagonism by anti-inflammatory drugs and enhancement of LPS effects by amphetamine. The latter findings are consistent with a modulatory role for adrenergic activation on interleukin-1 release stimulated by endotoxicity.

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