A small scanning tunnelling microscope with large scan range for biological studies

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Abstract
SUMMARY: We have developed a scanning tunnelling microscope specially designed for biological applications presenting some new features: the scanner tube is mounted parallel to the surface of the sample which enables a high resolution optical microscope to be brought close to the sample when working in air or liquids. The maximum scan range is 5×20 μm with a vertical range of 20 μm and the total size of the system does not exceed 10×40 mm. The piezo‐sensitivity of the scanner tube versus applied voltage was analysed by interferometry measurements and by using scanning tunnelling microscopes. We found a value for the piezoelectric constant d13 of −1·71 Å/V at low voltages (under a few volts) going up to −2 Å/V for higher voltages. Large‐scale images of a carbon grid showed a surprisingly good linearity of the scanner tube.