Impact of clearcutting and slash burning on ectomycorrhizal associations of Douglas-fir seedlings

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Abstract
The effect of clear-cutting, with and without slash burning, on ectomycorrhizal formation of Douglas-fir seedlings (Pseudotsugamenziesii (Mirb.) Franco var. menziesii) was studied in field and greenhouse bioassays. Twelve ectomycorrhizal types were found in three western Cascade Mountain sites on seedlings planted in soils exchanged among burned and unburned portions of clear-cuts and undisturbed forest. Rhizopogon sp. and an unidentified brown type consistently formed at least two-thirds of the ectomycorrhizal root tips. Regardless of soil origin, more ectomycorrhizae formed in clear-cuts than in undisturbed forest (primarily due to more brown mycorrhizae). Soil origin did not affect total numbers of ectomycorrhizae; however, more different types formed in undisturbed forest soils than in clear-cut soils, irrespective of aboveground environment. More nonmycorrhizal tips occurred in clear-cut soils. Seedlings grown in the same soils formed the same proportions of Rhizopogon and brown types in field and greenhouse, but not the same proportions of less common ectomycorrhizal types. Soil pasteurization increased root-tip numbers. Inoculated soils (1 part nonpasteurized: 9 parts pasteurized) produced as many ectomycorrhizae as nonpasteurized field soils and generally fewer tips than pasteurized soils. Formation of major (but not minor) ectomycorrhizal types on all sites was influenced more by aboveground changes that accompany clear-cutting and site preparation than by alterations in soil chemistry or biology.