Observations of a deep‐mixing event in Crater Lake, Oregon

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Abstract
We present observations of the evolution of a deep‐mixing event in a deep, temperate lake. The observations were obtained from thermistors mounted on a long‐term mooring in the lake. The event seems to have originated near 150‐m depth and resulted in a plume or layer of cold water from the upper half of the lake that descended to the lake bottom (590 m) over a 3‐d period. Net mixing associated with this event resulted in an overall vertical heat exchange of nearly 1015 J and a volume exchange of 0.7–3.2 km3 (4–18% of the lake volume) between the upper and lower portions of the lake. The deep water displaced during the event is estimated to have carried 0.3–2.5 × 106 mol of nitrate to the upper lake, which accounts for a significant portion of the average annual nitrate flux (∼2–4 × 106 mol yr−1) thought to be upwelled in this highly oligotrophic system.

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