SUMMARY Oestrogen—progesterone-induced lordosis behaviour was suppressed in female hamsters which received neonatal treatment with testosterone propionate or diethylstilboestrol. No suppression of lordosis was observed in females which received neonatal treatment with testosterone, androsterone or control substances. In addition, the ano—genital distance and diameter of the vaginal orifice were increased in females treated with testosterone, testosterone propionate, androsterone or diethylstilboestrol. However, testosterone, testosterone propionate and androsterone had a greater effect on ano—genital distance than did diethylstilboestrol. Possible mechanisms for the defeminizing action of the hormones administered were discussed.