Structural and biological characterisation of a novel tetra-acyl lipid A from Escherichia coli F515 lipopolysaccharide acting as endotoxin antagonist in human monocytes

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Abstract
We here report on the structural analysis of a novel tetra-acyl lipid A (LAtetra) isolated from Escherichia coli deep rough (Re)-mutant strain F515. In addition to the biologically active hexa-acyl E. coli-type lipid A (compound 506), this incompletely acylated lipid A was found to be also present in the native LPS. Its structure was studied without further derivatisation by chemical analysis, matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry, and one- and two-dimensional 1H- and 13C-NMR spectroscopy. It was found to be structurally distinct from the tetraacyl lipid A biosynthetic precursor Ia (compound 406) in lacking the primary ( R)-3-hydroxytetradecanoic acid 14:0(3-OH) in position 3′ ester-linked to the `non-reducing' glucosamine (GlcN II). The hydroxyl group at the ( R)-3-hydroxytetradecanoic acid attached to position 2′ of GlcN II was found to be substituted by dodecanoic acid (12:0), thus forming a dodecanoyloxytetradecanoyl residue 14:0[3- O(12:0)]. The acylation pattern at the `reducing' GlcN I was identical to that of compound 406 in having two primary ( R)-3-hydroxy tetradecanoic acid residues [14:0(3-OH)] attached to positions 3 (ester-linked) and 2 (amide-linked), respectively. In human mononuclear cells (hMNC) the new LAtetra antagonized LPS-induced release of interleukine-1 (IL-1), interleukine-6 (IL-6), and tumor necrosis factor (TNF) in a dose-dependant manner with identical antagonistic potency as compared with compound 406. Also like compound 406, it was found to be an agonist in murine macrophage-like J774.1 cells.

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