Observations on Concentric 'Fairy Rings' in Arctic Moss Mat

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Abstract
Concentric, dead rings occurring widely in arctic moss mat (especially of Rhacomitrium spp.), and hitherto ascribed to growth habit and to freeze-thaw activity, are shown to be an unusual type of `fairy ring', in which basidiomycete hyphae grow out from a central infection point in a widening circle, killing a ring of moss each autumn. Moss in the intervals between the rings is damaged but not killed. Roughly half the nitrogen contained in the moss is lost following the passage of the fungus, both in rings and in intervals. The development of the rings, as seen at Jan Mayen, is described from morphological and cytological aspects.

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