Observations on Tropical African Grasslands

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Abstract
African open grasslands are scattered through the woody vegetation types. They may be divided into flood plains, small valley grasslands, upland grasslands, cotton soil grasslands of arid country and desert grasslands. Trees are absent usually because of seasonal soil waterlogging. Other causes are unsuitable soil, a hiatus between the rain forest and savanna woodland climates, fire, frost, destruction of rain forest by man, and extreme drought. savanna trees very rarely grow in waterlogged soils, but forms of rain forest can do so. The grasslands are not necessarily seral stages in a primary succession to a woody climax.