Artificial fertilization and induction of triploidy and meiogynogenesis in the European sea bass, Dicentrarchus labrax L.

Abstract
The European sea bass, Dicentrarchus labrax L., was successfully subjected to chromosome manipulation. Triploidy was induced by cold-shocking eggs at 0–2°C for 20 min starting 5 min after fertilization in order to prevent the extrusion of the second polar body. Meiogynogenesis was also obtained by fertilizing eggs with UV-irradiated sperm (3300 and 6600 erg m−2) and subsequently doubling the chromosome set by meiotic block as above. The commercial advantages of culturing triploid and gynogenetic sea bass are discussed.