Persistence of Annual Applications of Herbicides in Winter-planted Safflower (Carthamus tinctorius)

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Abstract
Diuron [3-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)-1,1-dimethylurea], prometryn [2,4-bis(isopropylamino)-6-(methylthio)-s-triazine], and trifluralin (α,α,α-trifluoro-2,6-dinitro-N,N-dipropyl-p-toluidine) were applied pre-plant in safflower (Carthamus tinctorius L. ‘AC-1′) for 6 yr at two locations. Diuron and prometryn reduced crop stands in 2 of 6 yr on the sandier soil at Mesa. Growth of sorghum [Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench ‘Amak R-10′] in the greenhouse in soil collected 10 months after each herbicide application was reduced by 1.7 kg/ha of trifluralin in 3 of 6 yr in the Yuma silty clay loam and by both rates of trifluralin in 1 of 6 yr in the sandier soil at Mesa. Growth of barley (Hordeum vulgare L. ‘Arivat’) was not reduced in soil treated with any herbicide at either location. Herbicides did not accumulate in winter-planted safflower.