Effect of metal–oxygen bond on the sensitivity of atomic-absorption spectroscopic technique

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Abstract
Studies on sensitivity in atomic absorption spectroscopy of nickel, tin, titanium, zirconium, hafnium, niobium, and tantalum, as metallocenes and as simple salts or oxy-salts, have shown that the metal–oxygen bonded species in solution (as in the case of simple salts or oxy-salts or complexes with ligands having oxygen atom as the donor) contributes to the total amount of metal oxide in flames, and hence, depopulates the ground electronic state of the atom in flames. In the case of the metals which form oxides of high dissociation energy, sensitivity is enhanced if the metals in solution are not bonded to oxygen as in metallocenes or fluoro complexes. The importance of the dissociation equilibrium and the reduction equilibrium in populating the ground electronic state of the atom has been assessed, and an irregular correlation has been established of enhancement in sensitivity with the metal–oxygen dissociation energy.

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