Poisoning—Treatment and Prevention

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Abstract
ACUTE poisoning, unfortunately, is often mismanaged. It is impossible at times to determine whether recovery occurred because of or in spite of the treatment used. Although poisoning is a common pediatric problem, many other specialists are involved (obstetrician, neonatologist, internist, family physician, surgeon, etc), and it has an interface with many disciplines (environmentalism, sociology, and others). The basic treatment for acute poisoning, whether drug or chemical, is mainly symptomatic and supportive. Overtreatment of the poisoned patient with large doses of non-specific and questionably effective antidotes, stimulants, sedatives, and other therapeutic agents often does far more harm and damage than the poison itself. A calm attitude, with the judicious use of drugs, parenteral fluids, and electrolytes for homeostasis, and the maintenance of an adequate airway is far more effective than heroic measures, which usually are unnecessary. The four cardinal principles of good management are (1) identification of the drug or chemical

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