Hearing in the Elderly ≥ 80 Years of Age Prevalence of Problems and Sensitivity

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Abstract
This article is part of an epidemiological study on hearing in an urban population > or = 80 years of age, and concentrates on the prevalence of hearing problems and hearing sensitivity as a function of age and gender. Prior to the study, 2915 residents aged 80+ from the Valby area in Copenhagen were selected for investigation and subdivided into two groups. The first group, comprising n = 859 subjects previously provided with HA, and the second group, resulting from an invitation mailed to n = 565 subjects, were matched according to the age and gender distribution of the population, i.e. 24% males and 76% females. Among these, only 41% at a median age of 84 years, range 80-96, accepted the invitation, being significantly younger than the non-attenders. The estimated prevalence of self, reported hearing problems ranged between 33 and 66%, increasing with increasing age. Significant differences were found in the hearing sensitivity as a function of gender, i.e. the hearing in the low-frequency area < 1 kHz is better, whereas the hearing sensitivity at > 2 kHz is significantly worse in males compared with females. The speech recognition score (SRS) was significantly higher in females compared with males, and a comparison between ears supports the finding that the right ear speech recognition score is better than the left. The study demonstrates the difficulties in obtaining reliable epidemiological data on the hearing in the elderly > or = 80 years, which represents an obstacle for the planning of appropriate hearing health services directed towards this age group, and collaborative studies are suggested in order to accumulate more knowledge.