Autumnal migration routes of the eastern population of the monarch butterfly (Danaus p. plexippus L.; Danaidae; Lepidoptera) in North America to the overwintering site in the Neovolcanic Plateau of Mexico

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Abstract
Based upon numerous recaptures of alar-tagged migrating monarch butterflies, together with extensive field expeditions through various parts of North and Central America, the migrating routes of monarchs were plotted with considerable accuracy. Five overwintering areas were defined representing 13 loci of concentrations, in the Neovolcanic Plateau of Mexico. Migrants from the breeding areas of the Great Plains region probably overwinter in the western mountains of Mexico and those from breeding areas east of the Great Plains region overwinter in the eastern mountains. The greatest concentration occurs in the central mountains and represents migrations from parts of the Great Plains regions and parts of the eastern regions.