Oil spill in Russian arctic1

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Abstract
A noted American specialist on the oil and gas industry of Russia and the former USSR discusses conflicting views on the magnitude of a large oil spill in the Arctic, first disclosed in the West in October 1994. Estimates assessing the volume of crude spilled on the tundra and its underlying permafrost range from 2 million barrels (270,000 tons) at the high end to 14,000 tons. Russian authorities, including the newly organized federal investigative commission, tend to minimize the damage, assessing the cost of clean‐up and repairs at ca. $1.2 million. In contrast, Western sources view the oil spill and the ensuing environmental degradation with concern, estimating the cost of clean‐up to be as high as $100 million. The paper includes material on the pipeline system as well as on related developments in the Timan‐Pechora Oil Basin.

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