Effects of dietary protein, calcium, phosphorus and fiber on renal accumulation of exogenous cadmium in young rats.

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Abstract
The present study focused mainly on the relative ability of each of dietary components, protein, minerals (Ca and P) and dietary fiber, to prevent renal damage due to chronic oral alimentation of Cd in young female rats. Renal accumulation of Cd was assessed over an experimental period of 1 mo., which reflects mainly on Cd input from the gut. In comparison with rats fed a multi-nutritionally deficient, Cd-added diet, Cd concentration in the kidney was markedly reduced by supplementation with Ca and P (P < 0.001), significantly decreased by high protein (P < 0.05), dietary fiber (P < 0.05), and by combined supplementation with protein and fiber (P < 0.02), respectively. Supplementation with these 3 components brought about a remarkable reduction in a similar level to that in rats fed a normal balanced, Cd-added diet. These individual dietary factors are considered to play a distinctly different role in preventing renal Cd accumulation: supplementation with protein behaves rather non-specifically through improvement of general condition (i.e., growth, food intake, food efficiency, fecal output), and addition of fiber is mostly responsible for marked shortening of gastrointestinal transit time and enhanced fecal output. Supplementation with minerals is the most effective in reduced input of Cd, presumably due to a specific interaction of divalent ions Ca-Cd on the mucosal phase of Cd transport.

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