The ?turn-over? technique for selective cerebral angiography

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Abstract
In older patients with severe aortic atherosclerosis or pronounced tortuosity of the brachiocephalic vessels, selective catheterisation may be impossible. In order to overcome this difficulty we introduced a new “turn-over” technique. This involves introduction of a long guidewire through the catheter, advancing it and turning it over just above the aortic valves and finally introducing it into each major vessel, followed by the catheter. Selective catheterisation was completely achieved with the turn-over technique in 13 patients. Turning over the catheter just above the aortic valves and introducing it into the vessels was very easy.