The Ecological Effects of the Harmattan Wind in the Djebobo Massif (Togo Mountains, Ghana)

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Abstract
In Djebobo Massif (Togo Mountains) harmattan weather is responsible for the development of extreme ecoclimatic conditions which are responsible for the general pattern of vegetation types and for the distribution of many rare montane species. The mechanical effects of strong harmattan winds play the major role in the summit areas, being responsible for the development of distinct windward and leeward biotopes bearing tree steppe and savanna thicket respectively. The existence of communities of xeromorphic species resembling typical semi-desert forms is due to the intense desiccation caused by the dry, rapid harmattan. The extreme temperatures during the harmattan weather seem to have a selective influence on the distribution of certain herbs and trees.

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