Apolipoprotein E Polymorphism in Elderly Chilean People with Alzheimer’s Disease

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Abstract
As a part of the WHO Age-Associated Dementia Project, Chile has been participating in a cross-national survey on dementia frequency and determinants since 1989. In the present study, apolipoprotein E (ApoE) polymorphism genotypes have been compared in 95 patients with Alzheimer’s disease (AD) (mean age 80.7; 95% CI 79.2–82.2, range 66–97) and 187 healthy people (mean age 78.2; 95% CI 77.2–79.2, range 65–93). Isoelectric focusing and immunoblotting with anti-human ApoE polyclonal antibody were used to determine the distribution of ApoE genotypes. Dementia was diagnosed according to DSM-III-R and ICD-10 clinical criteria. The diagnosis of probable or possible AD was made according to the NINCDS-ADRDA criteria. The ApoE allele frequencies in healthy people were calculated to be σ2 = 0.07, σ3 = 0.74 and σ4 = 0.19. In the probable AD disease group, the frequencies were σ2 = 0.08, σ3 = 0.52 and σ4 = 0.40. The odds ratio (OR) for σ4 carriers compared with non-σ4 carriers was estimated to be 2.9 (95% CI 1.7–5.1). Taking the genotype σ3/σ3 as the reference group, the OR for the σ4/σ4 genotype was estimated to be 12.8 (95% CI 3.9–47.6) and for σ3/σ4 subjects it was 2.4 (1.3–4.5). These results support the association between ApoE σ4 allele with late-onset AD in a Chilean population.

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