Abstract
In the present review, an attempt is made to approach the different facets of the nucleus at low excitation energy from both a microscopic, self-consistent and a collective model approach. Some attention is given on how to relate the two “opposite” approaches to nuclear structure. In a final chapter, we discuss some newly appreciated modes in the nucleus that are specific to the proton and neutron degrees of freedom e.g. the study of intruder states near closed shells and the presence of proton-neutron mixed-symmetry collective motion.

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