Melting and Evaporating Metals in a Vacuum

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Abstract
Factors involved in the melting and evaporation of metals at reduced pressures, and resulting lower temperatures, are discussed. The effects of the hydrostatic pressure of the molten metal, of metal‐vapor pressure, and of residual‐gas pressure on the actual pressure and temperature at the point of evaporation are shown to be very important. Surface films are also controlling factors. Evaporation‐condensation upward and downward from solid and from liquid states are considered. Purification of metals and recovery of a metal from an alloy by vacuum distillation are discussed. Data on evaporation temperatures for various conditions at reduced pressures are tabulated.

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