Mediators of crystal-induced inflammation in the joint

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Abstract
Crystalline particles of monosodium urate monohydrate, calcium pyrophosphate dihydrate, various basic calcium phosphates and lipid may be found in joints, usually shed from slow-growing articular deposits or from bone. They may be inert or associated with acute self-limiting and chronic synovitis. Their phlogistic potential is affected by factors such as surface charge and protein coating. Crystals can interact with phagocytic cells, variously resulting in membranolysis, generation of oxygen derived free radicals and the release of lysosomal enzymes, PGE2, LTB4 and IL-1. They may also activate complement, Hageman factor and the kinin system. The interaction and relative importance of these inflammatory mediators is unclear.

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