Effects of Electric Field on the Molecular Orientation in Evaporated Ferroelectric Vinylidene Fluoride and Trifluoroethylene Copolymer Films

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Abstract
An electric field was applied during the evaporation process to obtain ferroelectric polymeric ultrathin films with uniaxial dipole orientation. The crystal structure and molecular orientation in the evaporated (VDF/TrFE) copolymer films were examined with a recently developed total reflection X-ray diffractometry, revealing that polar Form I crystals with the dipole moment oriented normal to the substrate can be formed by evaporating the samples under a high electric field (6 MV/m). Moreover, we evaluated the ferroelectric-paraelectric phase transition behavior of the evaporated films from a structural viewpoint.