Fractional rate multitree speech coding
- 1 June 1991
- journal article
- research article
- Published by Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) in IEEE Transactions on Communications
- Vol. 39 (6) , 963-974
- https://doi.org/10.1109/26.87186
Abstract
We present both forward and backward adaptive speech coders that operate at 9.6, 12, and 16 kb/s using integer and fractional rate trees, weighted squared error distortion measures, the (M,L) tree search algorithm, and incremental path map symbol release. We introduce the concept of multitree source codes and illustrate how the multitree structure allows scalar quantizer-based codes and scalar adaptation rules to be used for fractional rate tree coding. With a frequency weighted distortion measure, the forward and backward adaptive multitree coders produce near toll quality speech at 16 kb/s, while the backward adaptive 9.6 kb/s multitree coder substantially outperforms adaptive predictive coding and has an encoding delay less than 2 ms. Performance results are presented in terms of unweighted and weighted signal-to-noise ratio and segmental signal-to-noise ratio, sound spectrograms, and subjective listening tests.This publication has 42 references indexed in Scilit:
- Path map symbol release algorithms and the exponential metric treePublished by Springer Nature ,2006
- Improved quantizer for adaptive predictive coding of speech signals at low bit ratesPublished by Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) ,2005
- Stability and performance analysis of pitch filters in speech codersIEEE Transactions on Acoustics, Speech, and Signal Processing, 1987
- Computationally Optimal Metric-First Code Tree Search AlgorithmsIEEE Transactions on Communications, 1984
- Low-rate tree coding of autoregressive sources (Corresp.)IEEE Transactions on Information Theory, 1983
- Multipath Search Coding of Stationary Signals with Applications to SpeechIEEE Transactions on Communications, 1982
- Speech Encoding by a Stack AlgorithmIEEE Transactions on Communications, 1980
- Real-number convolutional codes for speech-like quasi-stationary sources (Corresp.)IEEE Transactions on Information Theory, 1977
- Quantization and bit allocation in speech processingIEEE Transactions on Acoustics, Speech, and Signal Processing, 1976
- Quantization properties of transmission parameters in linear predictive systemsIEEE Transactions on Acoustics, Speech, and Signal Processing, 1975