Angiotensin AT 2 Receptors Directly Stimulate Renal Nitric Oxide in Bradykinin B 2 -Receptor–Null Mice

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Abstract
Both bradykinin B 2 and angiotensin II type 2 (AT 2 ) receptors are known to stimulate renal production of nitric oxide (NO). To evaluate the individual contributions of AT 2 and B 2 receptors to renal NO production, we monitored renal interstitial, stable NO metabolites and cGMP by a microdialysis technique in conscious, bradykinin B 2 –null and wild-type mice (n=8 in each group) during low sodium intake alone or with the angiotensin AT 1 or AT 2 receptor blockers, valsartan (0.5 μg/min) or PD123319 (0.15 μg/min), or both. During normal salt intake, renal interstitial fluid NO and cGMP levels in B 2 -null mice were not different from those of wild-type mice. Low sodium intake increased NO and cGMP in wild-type mice but not in B 2 -null mice. Valsartan increased NO and cGMP in both wild-type and B 2 -null mice but to a significantly greater degree in the wild-type than in B 2 -null mice. PD123319 decreased NO and cGMP in both wild-type and B 2 -null mice. Combined valsartan and PD123319 decreased NO and cGMP in both wild-type and B 2 -null mice, but there was no significant difference during combined treatment from their levels after administration of PD123319 alone. Our results indicate that during ingestion of a low-salt diet, production of NO is mediated mainly via the AT 2 -B 2 receptor cascade. Blockade of the AT 1 receptor enhances the production of NO via the AT 2 receptor in both wild-type and B 2 -null mice. We conclude that NO can be produced by 2 alternative pathways: directly through the AT 2 receptor or indirectly from AT 2 receptor stimulation of bradykinin via the B 2 receptor.