Effect of Lüders strain on engineering crack opening displacement estimations for leak‐before‐break analysis: finite element study

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Abstract
As a companion paper to our previous paper [Fatigue Fract. Engng Mater. Struct. 24, 243–254], this note provides further validation on the engineering crack opening displacement (COD) estimation equation based on the enhanced reference stress method against three‐dimensional, elastic–plastic finite element (FE) results using actual tensile data of three typical ferritic steels exhibiting a wide range of Lüders strain. Furthermore, the resulting FE results are also compared with the GE/EPRI COD predictions. It is found that the proposed enhanced reference stress method gives overall more accurate and robust COD results than the GE/EPRI method, compared with the FE results.