Valency Changes in the Surface Oxide Films on Metals

Abstract
Two methods are described by which a square current pulse may be used to measure the surface capacity and resistance of metal electrodes immersed in an electrolyte. The methods have been applied to the study of electrodes of aluminum, tantalum, and zirconium, and to electrodes of titanium, niobium, vanadium, and uranium. The first group shows surface capacities which vary with the hydrogen content of the oxide but which are always less than those of the double layers. The second group shows surface capacities greatly in excess of those associated with double layers, and these have been interpreted in terms of reversible reactions occurring within the oxide layers.

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