Remote-manipulator tasks impossible without stereo TV

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Abstract
The benefits of stereoscopic vs monoscopic TV were explored on remote manipulator simulations designed to minimize object familiarity and monocular cues. A visually complex three dimensional maze constructed of twisted wire defmed the task. In experiment 1, operators were timed while manipulating a rod through the maze to attach wire hangers at predesignated locations. Initial performance was vastly superior with stereo as compared to mono view even though uncontrolled motion cues were present. The occurrence of extreme scores with mono view suggested operators' use of strategies and tactics to compensate for information loss. In Experiment 2, a new maze and task which controlled motion cues replicated the superiority of stereo over mono TV. Changing the maze/camera position to require new motor positioning problems resulted in extreme time scores that decreased across trials and days. Subjective scales and interviews piovided insights into the reactions and strategies developed by operators to overcome performance problems during mono conditions. For wire maze tasks, stereo view provides immediate veridical visual information sufficient to easily and accurately guide motor performance. Results suggest that images provided by mono view are highly ambiguous requiring trial-and-error strategies that produce erratic, time consuming movements by the operator.

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