An Integrating Circuit for Measurement of the Areas of the Waves in the Electrocardiogram

Abstract
An electronic circuit capable of integrating the electrocardiogram is described. The net areas of the QRS complex, the T wave and of the entire ventricular complex, QRS-T, in the standard leads may be estimated by measurement of the length of two vertical lines in each of the integrated records. The manifest areas of QRS, T and the gradient (QRS-T) with the orientation of these vectors are easily calculated from the data. An example of an integrated electrocardiogram is reproduced, and the procedure for estimation of the gradient is presented.