The Buttermere and Ennerdale Granophyre

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Abstract
I. Introduction In the western part of the English Lake-District there occurs a large development of igneous rocks, which are conveniently described, collectively, as the Buttermere and Ennerdale Granophyre. This group extends for nearly 10 miles from north to south, and for nearly 5 miles from east to west. In this large area are to be found several different rock-types, which present many features of interest; and, at the suggestion of Dr. J. E. Marr, F.R.S., I have undertaken the investigation of the phenomena shown in this district. The first and only detailed description of this rock-mass was given by Clifton Ward nearly 30 years ago; and the subject has apparently never been touched as a whole by modern methods, although Mr. Alfred Harker has published a short description of some specimens from the Wastwater district. The map (fig. 1, p. 254) shows that the exposure of this group of rocks is very irregular in form: to the west of Buttermere is a somewhat lenticular mass about 2 1/2 miles long by nearly a mile wide, forming the lower part of High Stile, and the main mass of Red Pike and Gale Fell. The southern boundary of this intrusion cuts across the summit of Red Pike; and there is a strong contrast between the rugged crags of High Stile, formed of volcanic rocks of the Borrowdale Series, and the smooth outlines given by the intrusive rocks of Red Pike. This intrusion is connected with a much larger

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